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Genus
Hadrurus Thorell, 1876
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Index of danger
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| Hadrurus genus
is composed of: |
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| Hadrurus
arizonensis Ewing,
1928 |
Arizona,
California, Nevada. |
 32-37  24-31 |
- Adults
specimens up to 12 cm with
dorsum of carapace and metasoma
dark olive color except for broad,
lunate, yellow marking covering
interrocular area; dark markings
extend anterolaterally through
lateral eyes, this dark area is
laterally bordered by narrow band
of yellow; dark markings often
lighter on last mesosomal segment.
Metasoma with dorsal keels distinctly
hirsute to unaided eye on segment
III of male, this somewhat variable
in females.
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| Hadrurus
concolorous Stahnke,
1969 |
Baja
California Norte, Baja California Sur
and islands in the Gulf of California. |
34-40 27-33 |
- Variable
species of Hadrurus in
size and color, adults up
to 12 cm. Forms local color
races throughout range; entire
body reddish yellow in most
localities; on dark soils,
and in areas of volcanic
influence, with dark dorsal
marking and dark metasomal
segment V (similar to
Hadrurus hirsutus). pedipalp
palm basically yellow with
light reddish brown fingers. In
many areas the color is a continuous
variable from the dark phase
to the light concolorous phase.
Adult males with conspicuous pair
of glands visible externally on
dorsum of telson at base of aculeus.
Telson densely hirsute on all aspect,
females with hairs distinctly
shorter than on male. Space between
inferior median keels of metasomal
segments I to III with 0 to 5 stout
hairs; inner surface of pedipalp
palm with less than 8 long conspicuous
hairs. Definite sexual dimorphism
in caudal and telson hirsuteness,
males with longer and more
abundant hairs.
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| Hadrurus
hirsutus (Wood, 1863) |
Arizona,
Baja California Norte, California, Colorado,
Nevada, Sonora desert. |
28-35 22-27 |
- Carapace
and metasoma with dark olive central
color, this laterally bordered
by yellow, region anterior to ocular
tubercule yellow, dark pigmentation
does not extend to lateral eyes;
metasomal segment V with contrasting
dark pigment, this most not noticeable
on ventral surface; pedipalp palm
light yellow with light reddish
fingers; body otherwise light yellow.
Adult size up to 11 cm. Metasoma
of most individuals with space
between inferior median keels,
without bristles, no segment with
more than 5 such bristles; telson
of adult male lacks externally
visisble external glands at base
of aculeus; internal surface of
pedipalp palm with about 2 to 6
long hairs, usually males with
more hairs than females; metasomal
segment III not hirsute in either
sex; male metasomal segments IV
and V and telson distinctly more
hirsute than those of female.
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| Hadrurus
obscurus Williams,
1970 |
California. |
34-37 24-30 |
- Body
pale yellow except for dark pigmentation
on carapace and mesosoma; anterior
region of carapace light yellow,
but yellow extends to ocular tubercule
only along median groove; pedipalp
finger reddish brown. Inferior
lateral keels smooth to slightly
crenulate on metasoma I to III,
serrate on IV and V; inferior median
keels smooth to crenulate on I
and II, irregularly crenulate on
III, crenulate to serrate on IV;
space between inferior median keels
of segment I to III with many conspicuous
stout hairs.
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| Hadrurus
pinteri Stahnke, 1969 |
Baja
California Norte, Baja California Sur
and islands in the Gulf of California. |
38-44 28-35 |
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Large
species of Hadrurus, adults
up to 12 cm, with mesosoma and carapace
brownish black. Juveniles and subadults
with conspicuous bright yellow telson
and sometimes with yellow mottling of
dark metasoma. Pedipalp palm brownish
yellow with dark reddish brown to black
fingers. Vesicle densely hirsute except
on superior surface. Metasoma with about
15 or more stout bristles in space between
inferior median keels of segments I to
III. Adult males with one pair of conspicuous
oval glands on telson dorsum at base
of aculeus.
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| Hadrurus
spadix Stahnke, 1940 |
Arizona,
California, Colorado, Idaho, Oregon and
Utah. |
38-39 30 |
- Adults
up to 11 cm. Conspicuously
dark species of Hadrurus with
dark olive to black color completely
covering all dorsal surface of
carapace and mesosoma; metasoma,
telson and legs all yellow; pedipalp
hands yellow with red dorsal keel
areas, fingers dark reddish brown;
ventral surface of body yellow.
Metasoma with space between
inferior median keels of segments
I to III conspicuously hirsute,
each segment with 10 to 20 stout
bristles; adult males without externally
visible oval glands on telson dorsum
at base of aculeus; males with
metasomal segments IV, V and telson
slightly but distinctly more hirsute
than those of female; dorsal surface
of telson hirsute. Species
very close to Hadrurus
obscurus and
Hadrurus pinteri.
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The
Breeding
Note: Hadrurus are
the rare desert scorpions rather
recommended to begin. So, they are
not what there is of easier to raise,
but they are resistant and can live
very a long time. Attention nevertheless
with the mycoses.
Temperature:
Hadrurus being
scorpions living in the
desert areas of the USA
or Mexico, the temperatures
will have to be hot the
summer, we recommend
at least 30°C, and
soft the winter 18/20°C.
A night, a fall of the
temperatures
is advised, if possible
descend from 10°C
the maximum temperature.
For the young
in full growth, do not
hesitate to put them
until 35°C.
Food:
The
meals of these scorpions
are composed of adult
crickets, but also
of locusts pilgrims,
or cockroaches of average
size. In its natural
environment, Hadrurus lives
in the middle of many
of other scorpions
(Smeringurus, Vaejovis,
Paruroctonus...),
also, considering its
size, it very often
sometimes happens to
him to be the predator
of these scorpions.
For the young , the
crickets of small sizes
to averages will be
enough amply.
Terrarium:
Obviously
it needs terrarium
of a desert type. A
dry substrate, digs
peat or sands to see
even argillaceous ground,
can be appropriate.
However some Hadrurus live
in the stony deserts
and others rather sandy,
also try to provide
him the two parts.
The decorations are
not necessary, this
kind of scorpion likes
to arrange terrarium
at its idea, if the
ground is too flat
it even will create
small sand dunes and
he wait to him behind
while waiting for a
prey. For the size,
20x30 is a minimum
for an adult. Not too
much moisture, and
a very good ventilation
are necessary
because this species
is very sensitive to
the mycoses especially
under our rather wet
climates.
Sociability:
These
scorpions are not too
sociable, especially
if the terrarium is
too small. The females
frequently attack the
males, however if you
have a sufficiently
large terrarium (100x60
cm, or more), a
small colony can live
there without too much
problem. Each one will
dig there its burrow
not dealing too much
with the others. Of
course, food will have
to be in quantity sufficient
for all the group.
Note:
A
problem of growth of
the young arises very
often in our breeding.
The question of moisture
(not too much) and
heat is very difficult
to keep in our terrariums,
with the result, that
for the majority, the
young die without
to have reached 3rd
instar, or then they
vegetate at the 2nd
instar..
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References :
-
Fet,
Victor, Sissom, W. David, Lowe, Graeme & Braunwalder,
Matt E 2000. CATALOG OF THE SCORPIONS
OF THE WORLD . The New York Entomological
Society.
- Pocock,
R. I., 1902. Arachnida, Scorpiones, Pedipalpi
and Solifuge, Biologia Centrali-Americana,
pp 1-45.
- Rein,
Jan Ove , The
Scorpion Files
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Williams,
Stanley C. 1970. A systematic revision
of the giant hairy-scorpion genus Hadrurus (Scorpionida:
Vejovidae). Occ. Papers. California.
Acad. Sci., 87: 1-62.
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Williams, Stanley. C. 1980. Scorpions of Baja California, Mexico, and adjacent islands. Occ. Papers. California Acad. Sci., 135:1- 127.
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